Seed banks must test more often, study finds
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Australian researchers examined seeds from six tropical crops stored at the Australian Grains Genebank to determine how long they remain viable.
The team analyzed 3,861 seed samples, some dating back to the 1960s, to measure their germination rates after decades of preservation. The study, published in Plant Genetic Resources, revealed that seeds stored at low temperatures may lose the ability to germinate sooner than previously predicted by theoretical models.
Researchers found that some seed batches fell below 85% germination after 20 to 40 years, even with optimal storage conditions. This finding requires more frequent reviews of seed collections intended to preserve plant genetic resources for decades. The Australian Grains Genebank holds hundreds of thousands of seed types, stored in sealed packages at -20°C and 15% relative humidity to extend their lifespan.
Mung beans showed the longest survival rate, maintaining over 90% germination after 45 years, while adzuki beans had the shortest estimated longevity at 17.4 years. Previous models had suggested germination checks for some crops could occur after thousands of years, but the team led by Katherine Baum argues this is too risky given the observed data. Ultimately, seed banks must regularly test for future plant regeneration to ensure long-term food security.
