Maine kelp forests harbor hidden diversity for restoration
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Researchers at Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences in Maine investigated the genetic makeup of Saccharina latissima, commonly known as sugar kelp, along the state’s coast.
The team examined kelp samples from 11 locations to understand how populations are structured and how genetic diversity is distributed. They discovered four distinct populations of sugar kelp, shaped by local ocean currents and conditions.
This finding is important because genetic diversity can help kelp forests withstand challenges like marine heat waves and supports the state’s growing kelp aquaculture industry. The study built on recent work that first mapped the complete sugar kelp genome, allowing scientists to pinpoint genetic differences between populations. While kelp spores travel via currents, the research shows limited gene flow between the four identified groups, meaning each population maintains a unique genetic signature.
Understanding these differences will improve restoration efforts, helping to select the most appropriate kelp for replanting in various environments. Rasher’s team has previously documented the decline of Maine’s kelp forests due to warming waters, impacting both the ecosystem and the aquaculture industry. This new research provides critical information for managing the remaining wild kelp and ensuring the long-term sustainability of the aquaculture that depends on it.
Researchers hope to eventually link specific genes to traits that improve kelp resilience and productivity.
