Scientists explore Amazonian tepuis to study ancient biodiversity

A team of 15 scientists conducted a unique expedition to the Aracá mountains in the northern Brazilian Amazon to study the biodiversity of high-altitude plateaus.

The researchers traveled to the region to explore "tepuis," which are flat-topped mountains with distinct climates and environments compared to the surrounding lowlands. This mission marked the final stage of a mapping project funded by FAPESP and supported by the Brazilian Army.

The researchers used a variety of techniques to collect biological samples over 19 days. Botanists extracted peat columns to analyze pollen and spores, which will help reconstruct ancient flora and climate history from thousands of years ago. Zoologists used pitfalls, camera traps, and bioacoustic recorders to capture insects, birds, reptiles, and mammals. The team also established a mobile laboratory on the mountain to photograph specimens alive, perform ecophysiological tests, and collect genetic samples for parasite and chromosome studies.

Logistics for the expedition required significant support from the Brazilian Army. Military personnel transported over five tons of supplies via a Black Hawk helicopter and assisted scientists with trail clearing and medical support. The team divided their work between two camps at different altitudes, reaching heights of up to 1,260 meters. The gathered materials will be stored in public institutions for long-term study to help understand how isolated species evolved on the Guiana Shield.