Eurasian otters return to Kashmir Valley after decades of absence

Researchers Irfan Khursheed Shah and Sohail Ahmad Wagay documented the return of the Eurasian otter to the Jhelum River basin in the Kashmir Valley.

The species had nearly disappeared from the region over several decades due to hunting for fur, the destruction of habitats, and water pollution. The researchers identified the return of the animals through several types of evidence collected in 2025.

This included social media videos, independent verification from a non-governmental organization, and field surveys that found otter spraints, which are faecal marks, along the Lidder, Rambiara, and Sindh streams. While camera traps did not capture direct photos of the otters, they did confirm the presence of faecal signs at the Rambiara tributary. Despite this recovery, the animals face several modern threats in the valley.

Urban expansion and the construction of concrete river banks have replaced natural wooden sites where otters live. Additionally, the conversion of rice paddies into apple orchards and pollution from pesticides and heavy metals continue to fragment their habitat. Stray dogs and extreme weather patterns also pose risks to the growing population. The researchers noted that local people sometimes mistake otters for dangerous crocodiles in videos.

To protect the species, the authors suggest that wildlife authorities and conservation groups work together to restore habitats and launch public awareness campaigns. They recommend using local language leaflets and school programs to educate residents and tourists about the animals.