New Zealand develops tools to combat invasive seaweed
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In 2021, two invasive species of caulerpa seaweed appeared in coastal waters off Aotearoa New Zealand, spreading across the seabed and threatening marine life.
People like Stephen Te Tai, a commercial diver from the Ngāti Hine Māori tribe, and researchers began working to remove the seaweed, viewing it as a serious threat to the ocean and Māori culture.
New Zealand’s government and private companies responded by developing innovative removal methods, including suction devices, remotely operated vehicles with sediment-shaving technology, and ultraviolet light irradiation systems. While initial fears of widespread ecological devastation have lessened due to a significant, unexplained dieback of the caulerpa in some areas, complete eradication is no longer considered possible. The government invested NZ$6.2 million (about $3.5 million USD) in a large dredge planer, but the dieback means it currently has limited use.
Researchers and community groups are also testing methods like seafloor mats and chlorine application to control the caulerpa. Experts emphasize the need for a holistic biosecurity approach, focusing on preventing future invasions and protecting vulnerable marine environments, and suggest that New Zealand is increasing its focus and funding for marine biosecurity after historically prioritizing terrestrial threats. Some Māori groups have called for greater involvement in managing the response, arguing for iwi-led marine management and biosecurity.
