Gunayala: Guna Peoples practice self-governance in Panama
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The Guna Peoples of Gunayala, a Comarca (territory) on the Caribbean coast of Panama, have long exercised self-governance, defending their land, identity, and traditions for centuries.
Before international recognition of Indigenous rights, the Guna practiced their own systems of organization and decision-making. Law 16 of 1953 formally organized the Comarca of San Blas, now known as Gunayala, and subsequent laws have affirmed Guna autonomy.
The Guna’s self-governance stems from the Dule Revolution of 1925, when they defended their way of life against government policies. This revolution did not create their autonomy, but protected it. Today, the Guna govern through the Onmagged Nega, a House of Congress, where Sagla (traditional authorities) and Argar guide decision-making with songs and knowledge passed down through generations. The Guna General Congress, the highest political body, addresses issues like territory, resources, education, and relations with the Panamanian state.
Alongside it, the General Congress of Guna Culture strengthens their traditions, language, and spirituality. This model prioritizes the interconnectedness of governance, culture, and territory, allowing the Guna to collectively decide the future of their land and way of life, even in the face of external pressures like large development projects. The Guna also founded the General Congress of Guna Youth in 2017 to strengthen leadership and conservation efforts.
